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English 2006 and 2010 Social Media Research Project

Boolean Operators

A Boolean search is a method of searching that uses special words called Boolean operators to combine or exclude keywords, helping you find more precise results in databases, search engines, and library catalogs.

Here’s a breakdown of the key operators and how they work:


🔹 1. AND

  • Purpose: Narrows your search by combining terms so that results must include all of them.

  • Example:
    cats AND dogs
    → Finds results that include both cats and dogs.


🔹 2. OR

  • Purpose: Broadens your search by including results that have any of the terms.

  • Example:
    college OR university
    → Finds results that include either the word college or university (or both).


🔹 3. NOT (or in some search engines)

  • Purpose: Excludes terms you don’t want in your results.

  • Example:
    bats NOT baseball
    → Finds results about bats (the animal), but not baseball bats.


🔹 4. Quotation Marks (" ")

  • Purpose: Searches for an exact phrase.

  • Example:
    "climate change"
    → Finds only results where the words climate and change appear together in that order.


🔹 5. Parentheses ( )

  • Purpose: Groups terms and controls the order of operations—just like in math.

  • Example:
    (college OR university) AND scholarships
    → Finds results about scholarships that mention either college or university.


🔹 6. Asterisk (*)

  • Purpose: Acts as a wildcard for word variations.

  • Example:
    educat*
    → Finds words like education, educate, educator, and educational.